In this section we will look at nomenclature of simple chemical compounds. The name of the metal is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal with its ending changed to –ide. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. That is, does it have ionic bonds, or covalent bonds? Write the formulas for each compound: (f) sodium bisulfate (the common name for sodium hydrogen sulfate), (a) K3PO4; (b) CuSO4; (c) CaCl2; (d) TiO2; (e) NH4NO3; (f) NaHSO4. Because the total number of positive charges in each compound must equal the total number of negative charges, the positive ions must be Fe3+, Cu2+, Ga3+, Cr3+, and Ti3+. These all end with -ate or -ite, and the real reasoning deals with the oxidation state of the nonmetal, sort of its hypothetical charge within the covalently bonded polyatomic ion. Some of the more common chemicals use the -ous/-ic nomenclature, but the use of Roman Numerals to designate the charge is acceptable. Zinc and Cadmium (group 2B) form [+2] cations like the group 1B alkaline earth metals. As indicated by the arrow, moving to the right, the following trends occur: Increasing oxidation state of the nonmetal, (Usage of this example can be seen from the set of compounds containing Cl and O). The chemistry of these compounds is explored in more detail in later chapters of this text, but for now, it will suffice to note that many acids release hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water. It should be noted that ionic comounds like ammonium acetate are composed entirely of nonmetals, but they form a crystal structure of cations and anions. Note, "-ic" stands for the higher oxidation state (charge), and "-ous" stands for the lower oxidation state. In the environment, chromium exists primarily in either the Cr(III) or Cr(VI) forms. Chromium compounds are widely used in industry, such as for chrome plating, in dye-making, as preservatives, and to prevent corrosion in cooling tower water, as occurred near Hinckley. Carboxylate ions: Another class of polyatomic anions are based on the carboxylate functional group of organic chemistry. For example, carbon and oxygen can form the compounds CO and CO2. 5. This does not mean there are two atoms, but two types of atoms, so Al2S3 is a binary ionic compound. Recognize ionic compound, molecular compounds, and acids. Many metals are of this type. Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? Some compounds contain polyatomic ions; the names of common polyatomic ions should be memorized. The rules are simple, name the cation first and the anion second, giving the anion the -ide suffix. C) Ammonium nitrate. both are polyatomic ions, so you simply state the name of cation followed by the name of the anion. To name this correctly, “hydrogen” is omitted; the –ate of carbonate is replace with –ic; and acid is added—so its name is carbonic acid. If it is an acid, we base it's name on the ionic compound it would form if hydrogen could be a cation. BE AWARE: This is not the the nitrate ion. Molecular (Covalent) Compounds The bonding characteristics of inorganic molecular compounds are different from ionic compounds, and they are named using a different system as well. Figure\(\PageIndex{3}\): Example of some compounds that have multiple oxidation states. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Name these compounds: (a) chromium(III) oxide; (b) iron(II) chloride; (c) chromium(VI) oxide; (d) titanium(IV) chloride; (e) cobalt(II) oxide; (f) molybdenum(IV) sulfide. To counterbalance the -3 charge, the charge of the Co ions must be +3. [CDATA[*/{"annotations":null,"assetRoot":null,"branding":null,"clientUrl":"https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.38.0/build/boot.js","oauthEnabled":null,"onLayoutChange":null,"openLoginForm":null,"openSidebar":null,"query":null,"services":null,"showHighlights":"always","sidebarAppUrl":"https://hypothes.is/app.html","subFrameIdentifier":"05514394087373824","pluginClasses":{}}/*]]>*/, /**/, /*
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