[42] Some of this area has a series of Paleozoic sedimentary sequences from a deep marine environment underlying it, considered by some to be part of the Cotes Terrane and by others to be transported. Au nord, la sierra Madre occidentale est située à environ 300 km des côtes ouest mais ne se trouve plus qu'à 50 km de la côte pacifique au nord de Tepic, la capitale de l'État de Nayarit. Sites date the emergence of the culture to around 900 AD, and its abandonment to around 1000–1100 AD. [36] In the mountains, the La Entrada al Pacifico Corridor is an incomplete road intended to connect Los Mochis, Sinaloa and Chihuahua. [19] The Río Grande de Santiago has also been dammed, including the Aguamilpa Dam begun in 1991[23] and the El Cajón Dam (Mexico) upstream from it. [43] Near these sediments late Oligocene to early Miocene granite and granodiorite intrusive bodies occur. The Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up formed a series of ignimbrite formations, layered one atop another,[50] that are sometimes broken by lava flows. These lower elevations are usually graded into by a stand of tropical deciduous forest, which has a large portion of flora made up of flowering plants and legumes. [108] He would explore the western coast and cross the Sierra Madre in 1564. [117] After the Apache faced heightened resistance to raiding from the Spanish in Chihuahuan, they moved down to the Sierra Madre in 1794. Flowering season occurs in the months preceding the summer monsoon. The mountains act as a source of water, in an otherwise arid environment from the increased precipitation from the mountain range. [6] This is a dramatic landscape of steep mountains formed by a high plateau that has been cut through with canyons including Copper Canyon, larger and, in places, deeper than the Grand Canyon. [26], Numerous small populations live in Copper Canyon, some of them around old missions. The Spanish name sierra madre means "mother mountain range" in English, and occidental means "western", these thus being the "Western mother mountain range". Interbedded with these rocks are sedimentary deposit rocks. The migratory birds often use the area to the west as an overwintering area, and migrate north along the western slopes. [120], Railroads came to the area starting in the 1880s and 1890s, which allowed many old mines in the region to reopen at a profit. De los reptiles, 22 especies son endémicos y de los anfibios doce tienen ese carácter. [61], On a smaller scale, mineral deposits are distributed in formations of the Sierra Madre, although the events that placed these deposits vary throughout the mountains. [53] The tuffs are above a thick formation of lava rock. [114] Criticism of the Jesuits rose in the 1730s with complaints of Jesuit Commerce, which was established by mission stores. [43], There are two faults dividing the Sierra Madre from the central Mexican Plateau. Each period is marked by different volcanic processes. [1] To the east, from the Spanish oriental meaning "eastern" in English, the Sierra Madre Oriental range or "Eastern Mother Mountains" runs generally parallel to the Sierra Madre Occidental along eastern Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. [29] South of Copper Canyon is the town of El Salto, Durango, situated along highway 40. 10 están en peligro de extinción; entre ellas, la guacamaya verde, la cotorra serrana, la coa, el águila real y el halcón peregrino. Vegetación de las tres zonas en la sierra, «Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests», El Espinazo del Diablo. These events have also been linked to the subduction of the Farallon Plate. [49] The basin and range-style faulting of the middle-late Miocene took place at the same time as the placement of alkali basalts,[51] In the westernmost slopes mafic dikes formed. Entre los mamíferos sobresalen la ardilla, el zorrillo, varias especies de murciélagos, el coyote, el, el armadillo, el venado cola blanca, la comadreja, el jabalí, el tejón, el puma, el jaguar, el ocelote y el gato montés. Due to the continued logging in the area, erosion on the slopes of hillsides has increased. La Sierra Madre Occidental es una cadena montañosa que abarca todo el oeste mexicano y el extremo suroccidental de los Estados Unidos. This forest and canyon land provided a place for a variety of indigenous people to live, until Spanish settlers with associated mestizos came into the area to found towns for the silver mines in the area. [100] Additionally, there are reserves such as La Michilia in the southern Sierra Madre,[101] or the Tutuaca reserve in western Chihuahua, which was established in 2000 under a new system of management. [51] There is also a belt of iron deposits further east.[62]. Entre los peces de agua dulce, algunos comestibles, destacan la trucha arcoíris, Eleotris picta, la Cichlasoma beani y peces de la familia poeciliidae y Eleotridae. [2] The mountains range from 300 km (190 mi) from the Gulf of California in the north, but begin to approach within 50 km (30 mi) of the Pacific in the south. The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system of the North American Cordillera, that runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. [119] Pancho Villa fled to the mountains in 1894, becoming a bandit. [34], Few paved roads cross the mountains, meaning that travel times can be long, even between cities that are relatively close. Soils at higher elevations experience more leaching, due to increased rainfall. The Permian clastics contain some detrital rock that sit alongside low-grade metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks with serpentinite. [41] Some of the northern end may also be underlain by a Precambrian basement placed around the same time as the Grenville Orogeny. The range allows higher dew points throughout these periods than the surrounding low lands. [59] The faulting decreases in the center of the range where the faults are mostly small normal faults, but increases once again on the western slope. By July these dew points are at −14 °C (7 °F) throughout the range. Typically these deposits are divided from overlying ignimbrites by breccia, which may also contain ore. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) [91] Raccoons, hog-nosed skunk, and hooded skunk live in the mountains. [33] The Bolaños River valley of Jalisco is populated with mining communities, such as San Martín de Bolaños, which has a population of around 3,000. [103], Archaic cultures are known to have inhabited the Sierra Madre along with the rest of the surrounding lands, but little is known of the culture, although it does vary between the northern and southern extremes of the range. [21] These mountains supply 90% of the water used for irrigation within the watershed. [20] Along the more arid eastern slopes of the mountains, the Nazas River and Aguanaval River drain the mountains into a closed basin. This may be evidence for a left transpressional shear zone. [30] To the west is Copala, Sinaloa. [78] In the western slopes of the range, cloud forest also occurs, mostly on mid-elevation slopes with little exposure to wind or sun[79] in the southern end of the range. [88] Jaguars and ocelots are also now rare. [62] Iron occurs in three different regions placed by different mechanisms. [111] A drought caused a pair of revolutions in 1650 and 1652. [22] The last major soil type are vertisols, which are thin mineral-poor soils. The bedrock is covered by the clay rich soils, except in eroded areas, where water carries away deposits leaving a stony surface. Tarahumara moved further into the mountains in order to escape the conditions. [2], The highest elevations occur in the Tarahumara range. This may be a distinct second occurrence of the same process, placing silica-rich lava above Oligocene rocks. Monsoon season is the largest of these effects, with leaf buds following only a few months after the rains begin. [2] En sus 1500 km de largo recorre Arizona, parte de Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Zacatecas,Aguascalientes, y Jalisco lugar donde se une al Eje Volcánico Transversal de México. La Sierra Madre Occidental es una cadena montañosa que abarca todo el oeste mexicano y el extremo suroccidental de los Estados Unidos. [55] Beginning in the early Miocene and continuing into the middle, an arc of andesite was placed during the spreading of the Gulf of California. La sierra tiene una extensión de 289.000 km y ocupa la sexta parte del territorio mexicano. The Sierra Madre is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western 'backbone' of North America, Central America, South America and West Antarctica. Air pressure changes in northwestern Mexico and the southwest United States are the main causes of seasonal variation in the Sierra Madre. The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system of the North American Cordillera, that runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. Precipitation varies on both annual and seasonal scales in the Sierra Madre. [32] In addition, 1,000 people live in the village of Huajimic in Nayarit. [51], The Sierras are believed to be a thick core covered by volcanics and eroded by numerous rivers. [35] In the north, Mexico Federal Highway 16 connects Hermosillo, Sonora and La Junta, Chihuahua. [14], The southern end of the mountains may be referred to as the Sierra Huichola. Some intrusions in the area have deposited ore veins that are commercially viable. [69], The climate in the mountains is mild. This culture produced pottery and lived in pit houses, until 1150 to 1200 when they began to construct surface dwellings. These tuffs have allowed wide-ranging correlation with formations in other geographical areas, for example Death Valley. [22] North of this system is the Conchos River which drains into the Rio Grande. This causes east winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. [92], Birds frequent the mountains, some as a migratory path and others as native species. This ecoregion is noted for its high biodiversity and large number of endemic species,[77] and for allowing some species to extend their range.
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